NASA Tests Autonomous Spacecraft to Address Orbital Debris

• NASA has launched the Small Spacecraft Propulsion and Inspection Capability (SSPICY) mission to test autonomous technologies for inspecting defunct satellites.
• The mission utilizes the Otter spacecraft, developed by Starfish Space, to demonstrate proximity operations that could lead to future orbital repairs and debris removal.

Mission Objectives

• The Otter spacecraft will approach up to four inoperable U.S. space objects in low Earth orbit starting in early 2027.
• It will perform inspections from hundreds of yards away without making physical contact or docking with the targets.
• The craft will autonomously gather data on target orientation, spin rate, and surface conditions using sensor-driven navigation software.

Technology and Implementation

• The spacecraft is equipped with an electric propulsion system and an articulating robotic boom for precision maneuvering between orbits.
• Autonomous guidance and control software allow the craft to make real-time decisions with minimal ground controller intervention.
• This mission marks the first time these combined technologies have been tested as an integrated system.

Context and Significance

• Managing orbital debris is becoming increasingly critical as the volume of space assets, such as communication and navigation satellites, continues to grow.
• Future potential applications include servicing, repairing, or de-orbiting non-functional satellites to reduce collision risks.
• The mission is managed by NASA’s Small Spacecraft and Distributed Systems program, with initial technology development supported by the Small Business Innovation Research program.